The Rise of Nationalism in Europe — Mind Map
Crisp, exam‑ready overview: causes, reforms, key events, and outcomes.
🇫🇷 French Revolution (1789)
Birth of modern nationalism- Monarchy → Constitutional Monarchy → Republic
- Abolished feudal system; peasants freed
- Equality before law; guilds removed
- Uniform weights & measures, currency
Limitations
- No vote/property for women
- Heavy taxes; compulsory conscription
👑 Napoleon Bonaparte
Civil Code, 1804- Equality before law; right to property
- Efficient administration; transport & communication
- But: censorship, no democracy; women’s rights curtailed
🎨 Visualizing the Nation
- France: Marianne
- Germany: Germania
- Flags, anthems, folk tales, monuments
🏛 Making of Nationalism
- Social groups: aristocracy, peasantry, middle class
- Liberalism: equality before law; free press
- Economic liberalism: free markets, no tariffs
- Sense of collective belonging
🌍 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
1789 → 1914 (from revolution to imperial rivalries)
Key Themes
Reforms
Unifications
📜 Congress of Vienna (1815)
- Led by Metternich (Austria)
- Restored old monarchies; conservatism
- Settlement: Austria (N. Italy), Prussia (territories), Russia (Poland), German Confederation
🔥 Revolutions (1830–1848)
- 1830 France → constitutional monarchy
- Greek War of Independence (1821–29)
- 1848: liberals & workers; push for constitution + rights
🇮🇹 & 🇩🇪 Unification Movements
- Italy (1861): Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II
- Germany (1871): Bismarck; Prussian leadership
- Britain: Gradual parliamentary democracy
⚔️ Nationalism → Imperialism
- Increasingly aggressive/narrow nationalism
- Rivalries & alliances
- Leads toward World War I (1914)
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